Vessel for holding and shipping liquid air or other liquid gases.



No. 707,634. Patented Aug. 26,1902. J. r. PLACE.

VESSEL FDR I'IDLDING AND SHIPPING LIQUID AIB 0R OTHER LIDUID GASES. (Application Bled Feb. 10, 1902.)

Ji' n Meso l n (l 0 M o del.)

'IIIIIII Patented Aug. 26, |902.

L c A L DI F.

VESSEL FDR HOLDING AND SHIPPING LIDUID AIR 0R OTHER LIDUID GASES.

(Application filed Feb. 10l 1902.)

3 Shania-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

ma NoRms Pan-ns co, wom-Limo, wAsHmcTou. l:A c.

No. 707,634.' Patented Aug. 26, |902.

J. F. PLACE.

VESSEL FOR HOLDING AND SHIPPING LIQUID AIR 0B OTHER LIQUID GASES.

` (Application filed Feb. 10, 1902-.) v (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.-

UNTTnn y STATES EATnNT OFFICE.`

JAMES F. PLACE, OF GLENRIDGE, NEW JERSEY.

VESSEL FOR HOLDING AND SHIPPING LIQUID AIR OR OTHER LIQUID GASES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 707,634, dated August 26, 1902.

Application led. February l0, 1902. Serial No. 93,289. (No model.)

T (eZ/'5 whom] t may concern Be it known that l, JAMES F. PLACE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Glenridge, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Vessels for Holding and ShippingLiquid Airor otherLiquid Gases, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to vessels, either portable or stationary, bottles, or receptacles for holding, carrying, or storing liquid air or other liquefied gases or substances of any kind which it is desirable to insulate from heat or cold.

The object of the invention is to provide means for holding, storing, or shipping such liquefied air or other liquid gases, and especially to thoroughly insulate and preserve the same or any other matter while being stored or carried from place to place from the normal heat of the atmosphere or from the heat of the room where stored, kept, or placed`4 or of the compartment of the car or other room when fm transita.

A further object is to provide a convenient receptacle for holding such liquid gases while the same are in use, so that said liquid air or other liquid gases may be drawn from the container, receptacle, or bottle as desired, either in part or whole, and if drawn in part that the remaining portions will still continue to be insulated and may be retained.

A further object is to provide such a bottie, receptacle, or container so that the liquid air or other liquefied gas therein may be kept under tension from slight evaporation and may be drawn, forced, or siphoned out by such tension or may be used at atmospheric pressure, and so that any Vapor from such liquid may be allowed to escape at atmospheric pressure or may be availed of at such pressure or tension as may be desired.

A still further object is to cheapen the cost of construction ofsuch receptacles, bottles, or containers, and yet to still retain their highest possible ef'liciency for retaining and preserving such liquefied air or other liquid gases in a liquid form.

These objects are accomplished in the manner and by the means hereinafter described and claimed, reference being made io the accompanying drawings, in whicl1- Figure l is a vertical section of' a Vessel, bottle, receptacle, or container for such liquefied air or other liquid gases constructed in accordance with myinvention. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of same on the line x a: of Fig. l looking upward toward the top. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the delivery-tube or siphon vapor delivery or vent tube, with their valves or cocks, sight pressure-gage, dto. Fig. 4i is a side elevation of same looking toward the edge of' pressure-gage. Fig. 5 is a modification in vertical section of the construction of the inner bottle, showing how a screw-stopper may be used so as to withstand a pressure in said bottle and also showing how the air-tight covering of the outer case and lining of the inner bottle may be made in separate parts and yet the whole forming one complete air-tight inclosure. Fig. 6 is a vertical section of a modification in construction, on a small scale, of the top part of the receptacle, showing how the inner bottle can be used for holding and protecting `from heat solid substances--such, for instance, as frozen or solidified carbon dioxid or otherlike substances. Fig. 7 isaviewinvertical section of another modi fication in construction of the lining of the inner bottle and the sack or covering of the outer case, showing how same may be made in two separate parts and yet be conveniently fastened together so as to form one complete air-tight inclosure.

Similar reference-marks refer to similar parts throughout the several drawings.

'lhe numeral l (see Figs. l and 5) refers to the inner bottle or the liquid-holding receptacle, holder, or container, l being the walls or body of same, which I make of' wood, fiber, or some other material of relatively low heat conductivity and strengthen against bursting by the metal hoops 2. At 3 I show an outer case inclosing or surrounding said inner liquid-holding bottle and which I also make of' wood, indurated or other ber, or other material of relatively low heat conductivity, the same being made sufficiently strong to withstand a collapsible pressure of Ifteen pounds or more to the square inch. The top The IOO

top 4 has a hole in it for the neck of the inner liquid-holding bottle and on which the inner bottle hangs, as it were, or is iiXed within said outer case, resting on or being supported by the top 4 by the projection or ring 5, which is ixed to the neck of the inner bottle, as shown. Any other suitable manner of supporting the inner bottle inside the outer case 3 will answer; but the manner shown and described is the preferred construction.

At 6 (see Figs. 1 and 2) I have three or more guide-pieces of cork, ber, or any otherl suitable material of low heat conductivity to holdlheinner bottle erect or rigidly inside the outer case 3 and prevent the same from swaying or swinging laterally. At 7 I provide avacu urn-cham ber or vaeuumspace,commonly called a vacu uni-jacket, between said outer case 3 and said liquid-holding bottle 1. Said vacuum chamber or space practically surrounds 0r incloses said inner liquid-holding bottle and forms an insulating vacuum-jacket for said inner bottle, and being the best possible insulator against heat or almost a perfect non-conductor therefor said inner liquid-holding bottle and its contents or the liquefied air or other liquid gas contained therein is thus thoroughly insulated from the heat of the atmosphereor air in the room or compartment where it may be located. not attempt to make the walls 1' of the inner bottle 1 nor the outer case 3 impervious or air-tight; but at 8 (see Figs. 1, 2, and 5) I have an air-tight covering, sack, or impervious inclosure, which surrounds or incloses the outer case 3, and it passes inwardly over the outside of the ring-top 4 and over the ring projection 5 on thelinner bottle 1 and also over the top edge or rim of the neck of said inner bottle, and enfolding within itself it passes down inside the neck into said inner bottle 1 and forms therein an inside impervious lining thereto at 8 and 8, thus substantially formingas a whole or beingin shape of a cul-de-sac. This air-tight covering or inclosure/ I make of any suitable material, such as sheet German silver or sheet-lead', or any other suitable impervious materalof relatively low heat conductivity. It will be seen that by making it so that it serves as an impervious iuclosure, sack, or bag for the outer case 3 and also as an impervious lining for the inside of the inner bottle 1 in form of a bag or sack self-contained and without a hole or rupture at any point and with one part enfolded within the other part in forml Idoy l arrangement will answer as well.

At 11,for purposes of insulation, I have a thin packing of blotting-paper or wool felting or some other suitable material of relatively low heat conductivity under the airtight covering or inclosure 8 around, under, and over the outer case, and also at 11 un der the enfolded part (8 and 8") of said covering, which acts as a lining inside the inner or liquid-holding bottle. At 12 I have packings of hair, felt, or any other suitable material of relatively low heat conductivity, which inclose or surround the whole in order to further insulate the same and the contents of said inner bottle from the heat of the outside uatmosphere, which insulations are inclosed also by the outside protecting case, drum, orcan 13, which lmay be made of wood or any other suitable material.

At 14 I have a Siphon-tube which runs through the stopper or cap 15 of the inner bottle down to near the bottom of said inner bottle and connects through the cock 16 with the delivery-tube 17. This tube 14 passes through the larger tube 18, which opens into the top part of and inside the inner bottle, and whose outlet is through the cock 19 and the relief-valve 2O to the atmosphere outside. A sight-pressure gage 21 is connected with l the larger tube 18 through the cock 22, thus the cover 13 of the `protecting-case 13 canl be taken olf and the stopper 15 of the inner liquid-holding bottle be removed, and with it also the larger tube 1S. In this way the inner bottle can oe readily refilled with the liquefied air or otherliquid gas. Where the liquid is to be kept or retained under ,pressure or tension, this stopper 15 can be screwed into the neck of the liquid-holding bottle on the screw-threads in said neck. (Shown in Fig. 5.) In that case the enfolding part ot' the lining 8 can be passed outwardly over the shoulders of the neck of the inner bottle, as at 24 and 24', in the modification of construction shown in Fig. 5. In this way the pressure inside on the stopper 15 will not disturb the lining. At 15' (see Fig. 1) I have a form of insulation in this stopper 15 in shape of paper or fiber rings or disks to form deadair spaces in the stopper between said disk 15'. I do not confine myself t0 this way of holding in the stopper. Any other suitable way or any other style of stopper will answer aswell; nor do I confine myself to the shape and arrangement of Siphon, vent, and delivery tubes, as shown. Any other suitable The pre- IOO IIO

IZO

ferred construction, however, is as shown, and the tubes,connections,and stopper should be made of suitable materials of relatively low heat conductivity-such, for instance, as Wood, fiber, hard-pressed paper, or some like material.

I do not confine myself to any special or particular shape of either the liquid-holding bottle or of the outer case or of the protecting-case. Either round, square, hexagon, or other shape will do and the same may belong or short. The preferred construction, however, is, as shown, round. The neck of the inner liquid-holding bottle I prefer should be rather long, so that any heat which may be conducted down the neck or lining 8' thereof may have a greater distance to travel before reaching the liquid contents within the bottle. The air-tight or impervious covering 8 and lining 8' and S" should be quite thin, so as to have the sectional area of conductivity, especially where it serves as a lining for the neck of the inner bottle, as small as possible, yet it must be sufciently thick to insure a perfectly air-tight inclosure. The outside of the covering 8 I nickel or silver plate, so as to give as glossy a polish as possible, and the outside of the enfolding part of said covering, which forms the lining of the inner bottle, is similarly treated in order to prevent as much as possible the passage of heat by radiation. In this respect I do not confine myself to plating or to plating any particular part, but prefer to polish such parts or sides and in such a manner as will best serve the purpose desired. The preferred construction of the covering S and its enfolded part orlining 8 and 8 is to make in sections and solder the edges of the same together or otherwise make fast and air-tight after itis all together and in place, as shown in Fig. 1. In the modiiication shown in Fig. 5, however, the airtight covering or impervious inclosure around the outer case 3 is a separate covering distinct from the lining for the inner bottle, as shown at 25, where the mouth or edge of the sack is shown. At 26 the mouth or neck of the lining of the inner bottle ends. In that case the impervious lining of the inner bottle at or near the neck or mouth of same or edge of the opening is soldered or otherwise made fast and air-tight to the ring 5', which can be made of metal, if this form of construction is adopted; or the covering or sack for the outer case may have its mouth as shown at 27, Fig. 7, and the mouth or neck of lining may end at 28 and both edges be lapped over and soldered or otherwise made fast and air-tight to the metal hoop 29. In this Way the lining of the inner bottle, although distinct from the covering or sack over the outer case, may be soldered or otherwise made fast to the mouth of said covering, and so as to leave the mouth or neck of the inner bottlelining open, and so as to close the mouth of said outer case covering or sack, thus forming around said outer case and the inner bot- A CO tle therein one complete air-tight inclosure. These modifications, however, are equivalents of the preferred construction shown in Figs. land 2, as the metal hoop or ring 20 andthe supporting-ring 5 when made of metal and used as described in either case form a part of the self-contained covering or inclosure and its enfolded part, which forms the lining to the inner liquid-holding bottle. I do not confine myself to these details of construction as to this outer-case covering and innerbottle lining. The essential object sought is to provide a vacuum-jacket for the inner bottle and secure it air-tight and to do this by the use of materials of low heat conductivity, to reduce to the minimum the conduction or radiation of heat to the contents of the inner bottle, and to construct at small cost avessel or receptacle which will not only retain or carry the liquefied air or gas with the least possible evaporation, but will be both light in weight and convenient for use, and which can be built in such sizes as required and used either as a stationary or port-able vessel or container or as a shippingreceptacle.

Liquid air and most other liquefied gases are at a temperature much below that of the atmosphere, and consequently they are in a constant state ofebullition or evaporation. In most cases bottles or receptacles for holding, shipping, or storing the same are necessarily made of copper or galvanized steel in order to secure sufficient strength, and the insulation of such receptacles is largely counteracted and lost by reason of the high'heat conductivity of such metals. Even when a vacuum-jacket is used in accordance with my United States Patent No. 646,459 the amount and thickness of metal required to give rigidity to the ou ter case and necessary strength to the inner bottle in order to withstand the pressure or tendency to collapse caused by the vacuum are such that the area of conduction and high degree of conductivity allow the heat to pass down the relatively large sectional area of metal in and around the neck of the inner bottle more rapidly and in greater quantity than should be allowed, and thus the great value of the vacuum as an insulator is in the main largely counteracted.`

By constructing a bottle or receptacle for holding, shipping, or storing liquid air or other liquefied gases in accordance with my present invention, as herein described, `the frame or body of both the inner liquid-holding bottle and the outercase can be made of wood or even of porous fiber or any other similar and suitable material that willsupply and maintain that rigidity necessary to withstand either the collapsible or bursting pressure caused hy the vacuum outside or the tension inside the inner bottle, and both the lining in the inner bottle and the covering over the outer case can be then made of thin line-grained sheet metal or other similar material, and thus the vacuum-jacket inclosurc IOO IIO

will be maintained perfectly air-tight, and at -same time the sectional area of conduction is small and its heat-conductivity will be relatively low, so that the amount of heat-passing down into the inner bottle Will be necessarily limited or reduced to the minimum.

vIn Fig. 6 I show how the inner bottle can be made so as to hold solid substances-such, for instance, as frozen or solidified carbon dioxi'd or other solidified substances, which require in order to vbe retained in solid form to be thoroughly insulated from. the heat of the atmosphere. In such cases I inake'the neck of the inner bottle of substantially the same size or diameter-as the lower body, as shown at 31 in Fig. 6, and I have a removable inner receptacle 32, which can be slipped into the inner bottle l, as shown. This removable receptacle 32 may be made of wood or fiber and lined with some sheet metal of low heat con- `ductivity, as at 33, Fig. 6, which lining need not come tothe top of the receptacle. At 34 I have a cap screwed in, as at 35, which cap is insulated by dead-air spaces 36. -1 The removable receptacle 32 can be quickly re moved, and the cap may also be removed for filling the removable receptacle 32. At 37 I have a smallvent through the cap, closed by `a rubber or leather flap check-valve, the partitions 36 not being fitted air-tight. This flap-valve is for the purpose of giving vent to the'y contents of the receptacle rin'such cases yas when it is not desired that the vapor givenV oi by such contents shall generate a tension orpressure in the receptacle. In such cases when pressure is not desired to any consider? nerliquid-holding bottle or vessel and an outer case; an air-tight covering or'impervious inclosure inclosing said receptacle, one part of which is infolded within itself in form lof a cul-de-sac, and which serves as a lining to the inner liquid-holding bottle, and the other part or fold of which incloses a vacuum jacket or chamber around said liquid-holding bottle or Vessel, substantially as shown and described. v

2. In a receptacle or container for liquid air or other liquefied gas, comprising an in- Vner liquid-holding bottle and an outer case;

an inside impervious lining within said inner bottle, and an impervious covering over the outside of and inclosing said outer case-said.

lining and said covering being closed or soldered together so as to form an air-tight inclosure, substantially as shown and described.

3. In a receptacle or container for liquid air or other liquefied gas, comprising an inner liquid-holding bottle and an outer case;

yan inside impervious lining Within said inner bottle, and a sack or impervious covering over the outside of and inclosing said outer casesaid lining at or near the neck of same being soldered or made fast and air-tight to the mouth of said covering or sack, so as to leave the mouth or neck of said lining open, and so as to close the mouth of the outer-case covering or sack, thus forming around said outer case an air-tight inclosure, substantially as shown and described. y

4. In a receptacle or container for liquid air or other liqueiied gas, comprising an inner liquid-holdingl bottle and an outer case; the combination of an inside lining within said inner bottle, and a covering over the outside of and inclosing said outer case-said lining and said covering being impervious and closed 'or soldered together so as to form an air-tight inclosure; and a vacuum chamber or space between the said inside lining within said liquid-holding bottle and the said air-tight covering or inclosure around the said outer case, substantially as shown and described.

5. In a receptacle or container for liquid air or other liquefied gas, comprising an inner liquid-holding bottle and an outer case;

the combination of 'an insideimpervious lin- ,ing within said inner bottle and a sack orimclosure; and a vacuum chamber or space beytween the said inside impervious lining within said liquid-holding bottle and the said airtight covering or inclosure around the said outer case, substantiallyas `shown and described.

6. Ina receptacle or container for liquid air or other liquefied gas, the combination of an inner bottle or liquid-holder inclosed in or surrounded byan outer case; with a vacuum chamber or space between said inner bottle and said outer case; and an air-tight covering of suitable material inclosing said outer case, and infolding over the rim of the neck or mouth of and passing down into said in- `ner bottle as an inside lining thereto, in form of a cul-de-sac, substantially as shown and described.

7. In a receptacle or container for liquid air or other liquefied gas, the combination of `an inner liquid-holding bottle inclosed in or surrounded by an outer case, both said inner bottle and said outer case being made of wood or fiber orv some other material of relatively low heat conductivity; with an air-tight covering or impervious inclosure which incloses said outer case, and infolds Within itself or passes down into said inner liquid-holding IIO bottle as an inside impervious lining thereto; and a vacuum chamber or space between said inclosed outer caseand said inuerliquid-holding` bottle, substantially as shown and described.

8. In a receptacle or container for liquid air or other liqueiied gas, the combination of an inner liquid-holding bottle inclosed in or surrounded by an outer case, both said inner bottle and said outer case beine: made of wood or fiber or other suitable material of relatively low heat conductivity; with an air-'tight coverin: or impervious inclosure of sheet metal or other suitable material, which incloses said outer case and infolds within itself or passes down into said inner liquid-holding bottle as an inside impervious lining thereto; and a vacuum chamber or space between said inclosed outer case and said inner liquid-hold ing bottle, substantially as shown and described.

9. In a receptacle or container for liquid air or other liquefied gras, the combination of an inner bottle orliquid-holderinclosed in or surrounded byan outer case; witha vacuum chamber or space between said inner bottle and said outercase; and an air-tight covering of suitable material inclosing said outercase, and infolding over the rim of the neck or mouth of and passing down into said inner bottle as an inside impervious lining thereto, in form of a cul-de-sac, the whole beinginsulated from the heat of the outside atmosphere by packings of hair felt or other material of relativelylow heat conductivity,and inclosed in an outside protecting-case, substantially as shown and described.

l0. In a receptacle or container for liquid air or other liqueed gas, the combination of an inner liquid-holding bottle inclosed in or surrounded by an outer case, both said inner bottle and said outercase being made of wood or ber or some other material of relatively low heat conductivity; with an air-tight covering or impervious inclosure whichincloses said outer case, and infolds within itself or passesdowninto saidinnerliqnid-holdingbottle as an inside impervious lining thereto; and a vacuum chamber or space between said inclosed outer case and said inner liquid-holding` bottle, the whole being` insulated from the heat of the outside atmosphere by packings of hair felt or other material of relatively low heat conductivity, and inclosed in an outside protecting-case, substantially as shown and described.

ll. In a receptacle or container for liquid air or other liquefied gas, the combination of an inner liquid-holding bottle inclosed in or surrounded by an outer case, both said inner bottle and said outer case being;r made of wood or ber or other suitable material of relatively low heat conductivity; with an air-tight covering or impervious inclosure of sheet metal or othcrsuitable material, which incloses said outer case and infolds within itself or passes down into said inner liquid-holding bottle as an inside impervious lining thereto; and a vacuum chamber or space between said inclosed outer case and said inner liquid-holding bottle, the whole being insulated from the heat of the outside atmosphere by paekings ol' hair felt or other materialof relatively 10W heat conductivity, and inclosed in an outside protecting-case, substantially as shown and described.

l2. In a receptacle or container forsolidiiied carbon dioxid or other-solid substances which require to be insulated from the heat of the atmosphere, the combination of an inner bottle or receptacle, and an outer case; with an airtight covering or impervious inclosure which incloses said outer case, and infolds within itself or passes down into said inner bottle as an inside air-tight lining thereto; and a vacuum chamber orspace between said air-tight-covered outer case and said airtight-lined bottle, substantially as shown and described.

13. In a receptacle or container for solidified carbon dioxid or other solid substances which require to be insulated from the heat of the atmosphere, the combination of an inner bottle or receptacle and an outer case; with an airtight covering or impervious inclosure which incloses said outer case, and infolds within itself or passes down into said inner bottle as an inside air-tight lining thereto; and a vacu um chamber or space between said airtight-covered outer case and said air-tightlined inner bottle, and a removable receptacle adapted to slip into said air-tight-lined inner bottle, substantially as shown and described.

14. In a receptacle or container for solidified carbon dioXid or other solid substances which require to be insulated from the heat of the atmosphere the combination of an inner bottle or receptacle and an outer case; an inside impervious lining within said inner bottle, and an impervious covering over the outside of and inclosing said outer case-said lining;r and said covering being.r closed or soldered together so as to form an air-tight inclosure; and a removable substance-holding receptacle adapted to slip into said air-tight-lined inner bottle, substantially as shown and described.

l5. In an insulated receptacle or container for liquid air or other liquefied gas, the cornbination of an inner liquid-holding bottle or vessel; with au outer receptacleinclosing said inner bottle; and an air-tight sack or covering inclosing said outer receptacle, one part of which covering is infolded within itself in form of a cul-de-sac, and which serves as an inside lining to the inner liquid-holding bottle, substantially as shown and described.

16. In a receptacle orcontainer forinsulating and preserving liquid air or other matter against the normal heat of the atmosphere, the combination of an outer receptacle inclosed by an air-tight sack or covering; with an inner bottle or vessel fixed within said outer receptacle, and having an air-tight inlOO side liningsaid covering and said lining forming one complete inelosure; and a Vacuum jacket or space around said inner ybottle between the lining thereof and the air-tight sack or covering; of said outer receptacle, substantially as shown and described.

17. Ina receptacle or container for insulating and preserving liquid air or other matter against the heat of surrounding atmosphere, the combination of an outer receptacle inclosed by an air-tight sack or covering; with an inner bottle or Vessel xed Within said outer receptacle, and having an air-tight inside lining-saidcoveringand said liningforming one complete inclosure; a vacuum jacket or space around said inner-bottle, between said covering and said inside lining; and means for si-4 phoningrout or delivering from said inner bottle the liquid air or other liquefied gas therein as required, and for allowing the AVapor thereof to escape, both at varying predeter 

